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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mos</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современные востоковедческие исследования</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Oriental Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1935</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2686-9675-3-2025-154-163</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mos-164</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ &amp; МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORYCAL SCIENCES &amp; INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>От толмача к переводчику: краткая история развития древней профессии в Китае</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>From dragoman to interpreter and translator: a brief history of the development of anancient profession in China</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семенова Татьяна Григорьевна, канд. филол. наук, доцент, заместитель директора по учебной работе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Semenova Tatyana Grigoryevna, Ph.D. in Philology, Associate Professor, Deputy Director for Academic Affairs</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tgsemenova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Высшие курсы иностранных языков МИД России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Higher Courses of Foreign Languages of the MFA of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>154</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Семенова Т.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семенова Т.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semenova T.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mos.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/164">https://mos.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/164</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается зарождение и развитие переводческой профессии в Китае с древнейших времен до нового времени. Выделяются три кульминационных подъема переводческой деятельности, связанных с расширением политических, культурных и экономических связей Китая как с сопредельными, так и с отдаленными государствами. Прослеживается эволюционное развитие профессии переводчика с первых письменных упоминании о ней в древнем источнике эпохи Чжоу (XI–III вв. до н. э) «Чжоу Ли» «Установлениях династии Чжоу» вплоть до начала реформаторского движения в Китае в первой трети XX в.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses the origin and development of translation profession in China from ancient times to modern times. There are three major periods of translation activity associated with the expansion of China's political, cultural and economic ties with both neighboring and distant countries. The evolutionary development of the profession of an Interpreter (Dragoman) is traced from the first written references to it in the ancient source of the era of Zhou (XI–III centuries BC) “Zhou Lee” “The establishments of the Zhou dynasty” until the beginning of the reform movement in China in the first third of the 20th century.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>толмач</kwd><kwd>«сянсюй»</kwd><kwd>«шэжэнь»</kwd><kwd>«фаньи»</kwd><kwd>переводчик</kwd><kwd>«тунши»</kwd><kwd>одна из древнейших профессий</kwd><kwd>коммуникация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>interpretation</kwd><kwd>“Xiangxu”</kwd><kwd>“sheren”</kwd><kwd>“fanyi”</kwd><kwd>Interpreter (Dragoman)</kwd><kwd>translator</kwd><kwd>“tongshi”</kwd><kwd>one of the oldest professions</kwd><kwd>communication</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ван Мэнъяо «Современная наука о переводе в Китае: история становления и тенденции развития», автореферат кандидатской диссертации, 2020 г. 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