This type of literature is the object of study for many fields of knowledge, such as theology, history, philosophy and linguistics. Religious texts often contain profound philosophical and ethical precepts that are important to preserve and pass on to the next generations. The translation of religious literature from Turkish occupies an important role in theology for several reasons. Officially, the translation of religious literature from Turkish dates back to the period of the Ottoman Empire, although there have also been earlier instances. This paper describes the challenges that a translator will face in the process of translating religious literature from Turkish. The aim and objective of translating a religious text is also specified. The main reasons that give importance to the translation of religious texts from Turkish are listed. The historical stages of translations are identified. Both general and specific features of translating religious texts are analysed. Difficulties arising in the translation of religious literature from Turkish related, in particular, to language structure, polysemantics, semantic transformation, etc.

The article provides a syntactic analysis of simple Chinese sentences in terms of sentence members. The purpose of this article is to explain the systematic organization of sentences in the Chinese language, followed by defining the syntactic functions of sentence members and establishing connections between them. Due to the fact that traditional systems of sentence members are not entirely suitable when applied to the facts of the Chinese language, the author proposed the idea of syntactic analysis of Chinese sentences through the concept of sentence members in Russian linguistics.  To test the proposed hypothesis about the similarity of sentence structure, the linguistic corpus of the Chinese language was taken as a basis. Analysis of the material shows the possibility of applying the theories put forward by Russian scientists on the issue of the hierarchy of sentence members to sentences in the Chinese language, which is clearly confirmed by the examples of Chinese colloquial speech presented in this article.

In the period of integration and innovation, learning a foreign language can be said to be very necessary. A wide knowledge of a popular foreign language not only brings better job opportunities, but it also allows us to discover new things that are difficult to find much information about in our mother tongue. However, if we want to master a foreign language, in addition to perseverance, we need to have a suitable and effective learning method. This article has made comparisons of the concepts and characteristics of noun classes in Russian and Vietnamese. Then, it has drawn conclusions about the biggest difficulties that Vietnamese learners often encounter in the learning and research process. From there, learners can create for themselves a suitable learning path and bring higher efficiency. The following methods are used in this paper:  analysis and synthesis, statistics, comparison and description. 

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of four translations of one Quranic metaphor made by M.M. Pickthall, A.Y. Ali, Abu-Adel and E.R. Kuliyev, with a special emphasis on the metaphor «waishtaAAala alrrasu shayban». (Surah 19:4) This study aims to analyze the difficulties faced by translators in ensuring the intercultural equivalence of texts, as well as a comparative study of figurative linguistic means (metaphors, idioms, symbols) in Arabic, Russian and English. The main focus is on identifying linguistic and cultural barriers that prevent the adequate transmission of meaning and comparing the mechanisms of adaptation of imagery in the context of interlanguage interaction. The work is aimed at systematizing the factors influencing the translation strategy when working with texts deeply rooted in the specifics of cultural codes.

The purpose of the study is to identify methods for overcoming key difficulties encountered in translating texts in the context of intercultural differences, as well as a comparative analysis of figurative structures (metaphors, idioms, culturally specific symbols) in Arabic, Russian and English. The emphasis is on the study of linguistic mechanisms that make it possible to preserve semantic and cultural adequacy in the transfer of imagery between languages.  

The work involves the classification of translation strategies aimed at eliminating interlanguage imbalances and identifying patterns in the use of figurative means within the framework of the compared linguistic cultures.

Materials and methods of research. The study used the authentic text of the Quran in Arabic as a source material, as well as its translations into English (M.M. Pickthall, A. Y. Ali, Abu-Adel) and Russian (E.R.Kuliyev) languages. The methodological base included:  

1. theoretical analysis of the concepts of translation of sacred texts;
2. descriptive method for recording the linguistic features of the original and translations;
3. a comparative-typological approach to identifying structural and semantic discrepancies in the transmission of figurative elements (metaphors, symbols, cultural connotations). The use of parallel text analysis has made it possible to systematize strategies for adapting culturally determined meanings within the framework of interlanguage communication.

The combination of theoretical, methodological and empirical blocks provided a comprehensive study of the linguistic and cultural transformation of the text in translation.

The result of the study was the classification of translations of the Quranic metaphor «waishtaAAala alrrasu shayban»  into Russian and English. This classification is based on the methods of metaphor translation proposed by P. Newmark, which were used by translators in the course of their work.

The scope of application. The results obtained can be useful for specialists in such fields as theory and practice of translation, intercultural communication, stylistics, textual interpretation, linguoculturology and axiological linguistics. 

This article offers an analysis of adjectives meaning “tasty” in the modern Russian and Chinese languages. The relevance of this research lies in the need for a detailed study of semantic, functional and culturally specific aspects of the use of adjectives meaning “tasty” due to their evaluative nature and use extension in the above-mentioned languages. In order to identify their meanings, contextual use and emotional coloring in Russian and Chinese, an attempt has been made to conduct a comparative analysis of the use of the abovementioned adjectives. The methodology of the study is presented by a review of domestic and foreign researchers’ scientific works on the issue under discussion; when studying lexical units, definitional analysis, descriptive, analytical, classification and comparative research methods are used. The research is based on the information taken as well as examples of the use of adjectives under discussion, selected from fiction and non-fiction literature. During the study the corresponding lexical-semantic fields (LSFs) were examined; the core, pre-core and peripheral units of LSFs of the two languages were identified. In both languages, the active use of synesthetic metaphors was noted. In Russian a polysemy of the core unit was revealed which is expanded by context and metaphor, while in Chinese a detailed network of lexemes with clear cultural connotations was singled out. 

Cai Luong Theater is one of Vietnam's outstanding intangible cultural heritage. In the past, Cai Luong's footprints were all over Vietnam. Especially in Ho Chi Minh City, there were once more than 50 Cai Luong troupes performing together, attracting millions of spectators. However, in recent years, this type of theater has been declining and has lost its status in the cultural and artistic life of the city's people. This paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach, a diachronic perspective, and a quantitative research method. Through a comprehensive analysis of secondary literature, the author will focus on the following contents: The concept of Cai Luong Theater; historical overview of the formation, development and value of Cai Luong theater art in Ho Chi Minh City; analysis of the current status of protection of Cai Luong theater art in Ho Chi Minh City in recent years; analyze the experiences and lessons learned from Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea and China in protecting intangible cultural heritage. The article also draws on the experiences of Japan, South Korea and China to propose a model for the sustainable protection of Cai Luong theatrical art in Ho Chi Minh City in the future. This can be said to be a novelty of this paper, which helps to provide a beneficial solution for the protection of the Cai Luong Theatre in Ho Chi Minh City in contemporary society.

The purpose of the article is to reveal the aggressive goals of the Japanese so-called “Eastern Maginot Line”, built in 1934-1945, to show the interaction and contribution of the USSR and Chinа in its destruction that opened the way to the liberation of the main strategic points of the Northeast China.  The Soviet Red Army successfully stormed these fortresses during the Manchurian offensive operation, broke the myth of their impregnability, at the cost of lives of thousands of Soviet soldiers forced the Japanese garrisons to capitulate, freed the way for the offensive into the interior of Northeast China. The battles manifested the combat brotherhood of the Soviet and Chinese soldiers, without which the victory would have been impossible. New archival documents about the participation of Chinese soldiers in those operation are used. The urgent problem of preserving the memory of the heroism of previous generations is raised. The respect of the Russian and Chinese sides for history, for preserving the memory of the battles of 1945 and the fighters who died in the battles on the Maginot Line is shown. This respect is shown in search operations with the aim to recover the names of unknown heroes, in establishing memorials at the sites of former fortifications, in patriotic educational work among the young generation, keeping alive the memory about the war.   

In the context of a rapidly changing world order, as well as in connection with the growing tension in international relations, the interests of the United States and China converge in Latin America. With the advent of the Donald Trump administration, the United States intends to correct the mistakes of the previous administration, which reduced the influence of the United States in the region. Trump intends to promote a tough economic policy in order to attract states into a coalition against China. China considers Latin America as a promising region for building a multi-vector foreign policy. The article examines the main reasons for the interest of key players in the IberoAmerican region.

The subject of the study is the process of changing the socio-economic structure of the Republic of Korea in various spheres of life through the prism of social inequality. The relevance of the topic of this article is determined by the fact that the Republic of Korea is facing serious challenges related to the increased level of social inequality. Social inequality is manifested not only in the material sphere but also haunts South Koreans throughout their lives in all its manifestations. Many countries where inequality is currently at  a high level are already facing a crisis in various sectors of the economy. Despite the positive image of the Republic of Korea, which most of us perceive through the prism of popular culture, the Korean wave, and many examples of the successful development of the country's high-tech economy, one can see clear imbalances in both economic development and the well-being of citizens. Therefore, this problem in the context of South Korea's development needs further investigation.

The article examines the spiritual and moral values of China and the United States. The article analyzes Trump's "turn" from neoliberal to traditional ones, and the prospects for the impact of  a radical change in the vector of America's domestic policy on Sino-American relations. The chronological scope of the work is determined by the period from 2016 to 2025. The lower limit is determined by the beginning of the first presidential cadence of Donald Trump. The upper one is the beginning of the latter's second term as president of the United States. Using the example of  D. Trump's domestic policy, which is significantly different from the domestic policy of the Democrats, represented by Presidents Barack Obama (2008-2016) and Joseph Biden (2020-2024), the impact of the return of the political elites of theUnited States of America to traditional spiritual and moral values on Sino-American relations is analyzed. The source base is mainly represented by publications and speeches of the heads of the mentioned States. 

The article represents an attempt to analyze the foreign policy strategy of Prime Minister Abe Shinzo's office towards the Republic of Korea and summarize its achievements in bilateral relations. South Korea was considered by Tokyo as an important political partner, with which, however,  it was not possible to achieve good neighborly relations. Japan viewed Seoul as an important component of the region's security architecture and sought to maintain the balance of power in East Asia.

Under Abe administration Japanese-South Korean relations were in crisis due to problems of historical memory and territorial problems. Both sides tried to improve relations by maintaining highlevel dialogue, but a clear solution was impossible to achieve due to the different positions of the states. S. Abe sought to overcome the complex of a country that lost the war and did not consider it necessary to return to the issue of solving old problems, but he had to take into account the opinion of his partner in order to maintain dialogue and stability in the region.

 In 2015, consensus was reached on the Ianfu issue, but with the advent of a new government in South Korea, the progress made was almost undone. The crisis in bilateral relations reached its peak and led to the boycott of Japanese goods by Koreans and the removal of South Korea from the favored trade list.

 In 2019, the only military agreement with the Republic of Korea, GSOMIA, came under threat of existence, which ran counter to Tokyo's vision of the region's security architecture.

 By the end of Prime Minister S. Abe's tenure, relations between states were at their lowest level in the post-war period.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the role and features of the idea of the «Turkic world» in the foreign policy of Turkey as a tool for implementing the expansionist aspirations of the Turkish Republic. Turkey's policy in the postSoviet space is based on cultural and civilizational kinship with the Turkic peoples. Ankara, within the framework of the United Territory, actively promotes its own projects in all areas, increasing its influence in the Caspian countries: defense industry, economy, energy, education and culture. The strategy of «soft power» allowed Ankara to strengthen its position in the field of education and science, for example, the opening of Turkish universities, schools, the implementation of grants and scholarship programs, holding international symposiums and conferences financed by the government (including TIKA, TURKSOY, etc.) in the former Soviet republics. Pan-Turkism, which emerged as a political movement of the national intelligentsia in the Ottoman Empire, preached the linguistic, religious and cultural community of all Turkic-speaking peoples and put forward the ambitious goal of creating a Turkic quasi-state – «Great Turan», which was to include all Turkic peoples. After the collapse of the USSR, Turkey was one of the first to recognize the independence of the former republics and actively joined the process of building relations with the newly independent states. The main emphasis in Ankara's foreign policy strategy was on the Turkic states of the post-Soviet space. By creating a bloc of Turkicspeaking states with its leadership, Turkey hoped to use the historical chance to transform itself into a major, trans-regional player with global ambitions and instruments of influence in the international arena.

-

The post Soviet Pakistan-Russia de tente has been transformed into entente cordial culminating in amiable security, trade and economic relations. Interests of Pakistan and Russia decisively converge in Afghanistan and Central Asian regional context in the post-US/NATO withdrawal period in terms of security and connectivity. Changes in global and regional orientations motivate and appeal for cooperative relations bilaterally and at multi-lateral forums. Countering terrorism and drug trafficking from Afghanistan and integration between Central and South Asia via stable Afghanistan is a shared objective. Peaceful Afghanistan is  a pre-requisite to realize Central and South Asian integration complementing Eurasian integration. Bringing stability and development to Afghanistan is thus a shared responsibility of Pakistan and Russia along with Central Asian Republics, China and Iran as neighbors of the country.  Sino-Russian strategic cooperation in regional context also solidifies Pakistan-Russia collaboration. Eurasianism is strongly back in Russia’s foreign relations to develop Greater Eurasian Partnership (GEP) in postUkraine war era. Russia’s old plan to access South Asia and Indian Ocean via Central Asia and Pakistan is revitalized in altered regional geopolitical and geo-economic configuration. Pakistan is a natural partner in GEP to link Russia and Central Asia to South Asia and Indian Ocean. Pakistan’s new Frontier Policy aims to develop ‘frontier of connectivity’ towards Eurasia’s heartland in contrast to old Frontier policy that aimed to develop ‘frontier of separation’. Pakistan desires to serve as a link between Central and South Asia. An overland North-South transport and logistics corridor can be developed from Yekaterinburg to Gwadar and Karachi to link the east-west Eurasian transcontinental trade and logistic corridors with transoceanic corridors efficiently.