The aim of this study is to examine various forms and variants of Turkish equivalents of military ranks using Alexander Pushkin's classic Russian literary work "The Captain's Daughter" as a case study. Pushkin's novella "The Captain's Daughter" and Ataol Behramoglu's Turkish translation of the work, published by Tu rkiye I ş Bankası, serve as the primary source. This study analyzes the terms used in the work as military ranks and their Turkish equivalents. The terms, selected using a continuous sampling method, are analyzed for translation transformations. These terms are listed from highest to lowest military rank. The events described in the work take place in the 18th century. Russian ranks and titles of this period are listed in the "Table of Ranks" document, established by Tsar Peter the Great in 1722. This article analyzes the military rank terms identified during the study, their translation methods, and draws conclusions.

In the context of the transformation of the world order and the intensification of geopolitical confrontation, the international strategic partnership between China and Russia is becoming increasingly important. This article analyzes the speeches of Chinese President Xi Jinping from 2013 to 2025, during which the image of Russia as a natural partner of China was formed. The research is based on the methods of critical analysis of discourse and a taxonomic approach, which allows us to identify the ideological component and the evolution of key concepts in the political language of the leader of the PRC. The paper highlights four aspects: historical continuity and cultural traditions, mutual trust and strategic partnership, economic cooperation and ensuring security and stability. The analysis showed that Xi Jinping consistently uses the vocabulary of collective action, metaphors of movement and integration, as well as normative formulations to legitimize the Russian-Chinese alliance. Speeches are viewed as communicative events reflecting not only foreign policy attitudes, but also a broader ideological agenda for creating a multipolar world. Through a diachronic approach, the dynamics of rhetoric is traced – from declarative statements about equality and respect to institutional coordination and joint security. The results demonstrate that the language of political discourse plays an important role in shaping international perception, building trust, and promoting a long-term strategy for cooperation. Thus, the study confirms that Xi Jinping's views on Russian-Chinese relations are based on a combination of historical memory, ideological legitimation and the practical realization of strategic interests, which opens up prospects for further study of the mechanisms of linguistic legitimation in the context of global changes.

This article explores how the emotional state of anxiety is reflected in the vocabulary and expressions of the Chinese and Russian languages. The aim of the study is to identify and compare similarities and differences in the cognitive models of the two cultures. This research is relevant because interest in mental health has grown significantly in today's globalized world. Understanding differences in the perception of emotions is crucial in intercultural communication. The following methods were used to write this article: conceptual analysis, component analysis of semantics, and comparative analysis. The theoretical and methodological basis is provided by the works of linguists J. Lakoff, M. Johnson, V. Telia, and others. Research material includes explanatory, etymological, and phraseological dictionaries of the Chinese and Russian languages. The results of the study revealed similarities and differences in the representation of the concept. Anxiety was revealed as a culturally determined phenomenon.

In the modern media space, the headlines of news materials serve not only as a means of attracting the attention of the audience, but also as a powerful tool for shaping socio-political discourse, which includes «expressivity as a constitutional, stylistic means.» The analysis of phraseological units with a component «goz» in the headlines of the Turkish media makes it possible to identify patterns of the influence of linguistic constructions on the interpretation of events, emphasizing the cultural and social aspects of the Turkish socio-political media discourse.

This article explores the application of DeepSeek R1, an AI-based system, in teaching Chinese logographic writing. The potential of DeepSeek for lexical, communicative, and written skills development is examined. Results of piloting an express course generated by neural networks and expert evaluations are presented. The article concludes that DeepSeek is effective in creating adaptive tasks but faces limitations in digital resource selection and requires teacher supervision for content refinement.

In recent years, children's fiction translated from Turkish into Russian has been gaining popularity. Turkish authors are becoming more and more recognisable, their works are read by adults, including those studying Turkish as a foreign language, as well as by children. The tradition of author's fiction texts in Turkey appeared not so long ago, and today the literature of this country, close to Russia not only geographically, can please and surprise even the most experienced readers. The Republic of Turkey, being a dynamically developing state and having a rich cultural heritage, pays serious attention to using the potential of culture in promoting national interests in the international arena. Among all translated books, children's literature occupies a special place. This article will deal with the issue of translating titles of children's books from Turkish into Russian. The title is the first word and the key address of the author to the reader. The title can sometimes fit the whole volume of a book in 2-3 words. Translators may spend more time thinking about the title than translating the text of the book. For this reason, the translation of the title can be singled out as a separate translation problem. The article will further discuss the competences that a translator should possess, the necessary amount of knowledge in the field of linguocultural studies to successfully translate the title of a book reflecting the content of the work.

The article examines the joint celebrations by Russia and China of the anniversaries of Victory in the Great Patriotic War and World War II at the present stage of relations (2015-2025). The author identifies common features and features of events in Moscow and Beijing, examines the agreements reached on the sidelines, and determines their significance for the development of Russian-Chinese relations.

The paper presents the results of an analysis of articles about China by Russian and foreign researchers published in the journal Izvestiya of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. The journal's focus determined the topics of the articles, which included reports on ethnography and geography, reviews of recent Russian and foreign literature, and reviews of monographs, articles, and new geographical maps. The authors of the articles analyzed information about the military forces, agricultural practices, and geographical and climatic factors in different regions of China. This information was later used for organizing research and commercial expeditions. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of the changes in the economy and social sphere that took place in China in the second half of the 19th century. The article highlights the role of Russian scientific and educational organizations (the Imperial Russian Geographical Society) in the development of Russian sinology and the dissemination of knowledge about China among the Russian public, including readers of magazines. Additionally, it is noted that the activities of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society contributed to attracting the attention of the educated provincial public of the Russian Empire to the study of their region. This, in turn, led to the introduction of previously unpublished historical sources into scientific circulation. In the 20th century, these sources played a significant role in the development of Russian historical scholarship.

January 2025 marks the 145th birthday of the renowned expert in ancient Turkic runic and Uighur monuments, history, language, and culture of Turkic-speaking peoples, who was also a unique teacher Turkologist. The origins of his academic biography and classical legacy are associated with two famous research journeys to Western China (1909–1911 and 1913–1915) made by the Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Professor Malov. In 2025, two more memorable dates are also celebrated in Russia — the 110th anniversary of the scholar's Turkestan expedition and the 104th anniversary of his unrealized third trip to Central China. The scientific mission of S.E. Malov was organically woven into the history of Russian and foreign scientific and humanitarian research, as well as the discoveries of the important geopolitical and historical-cultural space of Central Asia in the late 19th — early decades of the 20th cc.

Recently, there has been a lot of talk about the so-called green energy, which climate lobbyists have been pushing around the world. Thereby causing significant damage to the national interests of especially small countries. What was the basis of this energy? Nothing more than a categorical rejection of traditional energy sources. Moreover, all efforts were aimed primarily at getting rid of Russian dependence on carbon supplies. The starting point begins in 2014. The so-called "green revolution" has also affected the United States. Trump, before becoming its president for the second time, makes a statement about the emergency energy situation in the country in order to increase mining and thereby lower energy prices, that is, we are talking about oil, gas, coal, which supporters of the "green revolution" considered the worst evil. They are taking a step towards supporting the real sector of the economy. At the same time, Trump signs a decree withdrawing from the 2015 Paris Agreement. Interestingly, the United States has been actively encouraging Europe to use renewable energy sources (primarily solar and wind energy). But they were in no hurry to get involved in this adventure, although under Biden the climate lobby was pushing the country in that direction. A question arises. What to do? Either blindly follow the instructions of Brussels, or in the interests of the national economy, use traditional energy sources and at the same time engage in renewable energy wherever possible. This is especially true of developing countries, which the West has entangled in its networks, pursuing a neo -colonialist policy in its own interests. He managed to maintain control over his former possessions since the 60s of the XX century, changing only the form of subordination. Supporters of "green energy" can be understood. They seem to be concerned about preserving the environment. And the transition to renewable energy sources will solve this problem. But ten years of practical experience has shown that this path is not easy and expensive.
Nevertheless, given the increasing and accelerating reduction of non-renewable energy sources due to their exhaustion, life forces us to look for alternatives to them: hydro resources, nuclear energy, bioresources, solar and wind energy. There is an understanding that renewable energy sources will play an increasingly important role in supplying a country with electricity in the future. All BRICS members are more or less engaged in the search for new renewable energy sources, despite the fact that there are many problems along the way. This is what we will talk about in this article, focusing on solar and wind energy.

The article examines the scholarly position of the Russian sinologist S. M. Georgievsky, who in the second half of the 19th century opposed the prevailing Eurocentrism in sinology. In his works and polemics with contemporaries, he refuted the stereotype of China’s “stagnation,” highly valued Confucianism as a source of spiritual and social development and positively assessed the modernization reforms of the late Qing era. S. M. Georgievsky emphasized the independence and progressive potential of Chinese civilization, foreseeing its growing role in world history. His research remains significant today, contributing to a rethinking of the civilizational dialogue between East and West.

The relevance of the research presented in this article is determined by the growing role of humanitarian cooperation within the framework of Russian-Chinese relations amid the global transformation of the international order. Cultural, educational and academic initiatives serve not only as instruments for strengthening trust and mutual understanding but also as important resources for developing sustainable bilateral ties. Projects implemented through grant support are of particular significance, as they ensure institutional continuity, financial stability, and opportunities for strategic development. The study aims to analyze the experience of the intercultural dialogue club “Russian Shanghai – Chinese Petersburg” as an example of a successful university project supported by Russkiy Mir Foundation, and to identify the role of grant funding as a mechanism for strengthening Russian-Chinese humanitarian cooperation. The materials and methods include the analysis of grant documentation, project implementation reports (2025), and application materials for the new stage (2026), statistical data on events and participants, media content from platforms such as WeChat, VK, and Telegram, as well as participant feedback. Documentary and content analysis methods, along with the case study method, were also applied. The results show that in 2024-2025, the project organized more than fifteen events with over 400 participants from Russia, China, and several other countries, which allowed the initiative to extend beyond bilateral interaction and gain an international dimension. The implemented initiatives demonstrated the potential of universities as centers of public diplomacy and emphasized the significance of youth-oriented formats of intercultural dialogue. The conclusion confirms that grant support is a systemic condition for the sustainability of humanitarian projects, ensuring their long-term impact, institutionalization, and geographic expansion. The experience of the “Russian Shanghai – Chinese Petersburg” project illustrates the potential for scaling such initiatives and integrating them into the broader agenda of Russian-Chinese relations, as evidenced by the newly supported 2026 project “From Petersburg and Shanghai to Vladivostok and Hong Kong – 100 Years of Public Diplomacy.”

The present paper is an investigation into the question of whether the Jesuit Library, which has existed in Beijing since the seventeenth century, was donated or, alternatively, passed to the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in the 1830s as an entrusted property. When Roman Catholic missionaries were allowed to return to China in 1860 this library was returned to them. This evidence is regarded by some as a confirmation that the library was only entrusted temporarily to the Russian Mission for safekeeping. However, the renowned Russian orientalists, J. Kowalewski and V. Vasilyev, who witnessed these events, left testimonies that the library was presented to the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission as a gift by the Roman Catholics. As a logical outcome of the ownership of the contents of the library some books in Chinese and in European languages were sent to Russia even during the lifetime of Archbishop Pereira — the last bishop of Beijing. Now these books which bear the seal stamps of the Society of Jesus are kept in the libraries of Kazan and Saint Petersburg Universities.

The article analyzes the place that China occupies in the works of Ivan Antonovich Yefremov (1908 – 1972), a Soviet Russian paleontologist, author of science fiction and historical novels and short stories. The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that the role and place of China in the works of I. A. Yefremov has not been previously considered. The key sources are the novels and stories of I. A. Yefremov, his correspondence, as well as published archival materials. I. A. Yefremov's attitude to China, the population of China, the achievements of Chinese civilization were complex and ambiguous. Along with admiration for the cultural and scientific achievements of China, there is a critical attitude towards the authoritarian methods of management and manipulation of the masses. The Chinese flavor, which paints the world of the planet Tormance in the science fiction novel «The Bull’s Hour», performs several tasks: it helps to bypass Soviet censorship, and also draws attention to the general authoritarian tendencies in the development of industrial societies. The ambivalence of the image of China is clearly manifested in the last novel by A. I. Yefremov «Thais of Athens».

The article analyzes some scientific papers of Nikolai A. Samoilov, an outstanding professor at the Faculty of Oriental Studies of St. Petersburg State University, about the history of the formation and development of Russian-Chinese relations in the 17th and 18th centuries in order to analyze the cultural significance of bilateral contacts.

The article is devoted to the study of the activities of Archimandrite Peter (P.I. Kamensky) in the context of the persecution of Catholics in China and Korea in the first third of the nineteenth century. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of Archimandrite Peter’s work in preserving the cultural and religious heritage of the European Catholic missions. The novelty of the research lies in its comprehensive examination of the role of the Russian Orthodox Mission in Beijing as a unique intermediary within the “China-Korea-West”triad. The relevance of the study is driven by growing scholarly interest in the history of intercultural interaction, intellectual exchange, and knowledge transfer on the eve of the Modern Era.

Folk art in the decoration of Vietnamese village communal houses represents a form of comprehensive cultural expression. Here, traditional aesthetics, symbolic beliefs, and communal sentiments interweave through a visual language imbued with indigenous character. Far beyond mere ornamentation, these motifs are structured into a system of symbols, both sacred and deeply rooted in folk culture. By analyzing fundamental elements - such as the system of symbolic values, the cultural depth embedded in visual forms, the specific aesthetic mindset and art characteristic conventions this study shows that communal house decoration not only demonstrates liberal techniques of visual creation but also serves as a repository for the strata of community memory and knowledge. Thus, communal house decoration defines a distinct visual identity for Vietnamese rural communities. This research emphasizes the intrinsic relationship between folk visual art and the structure of traditional socio-cultural systems, affirming the enduring role and vitality of folk art in preserving and promoting Vietnamese cultural values.

Champa, an ancient kingdom that emerged in the 2nd century CE in what is now Central Vietnam, embodies distinctive spatial and temporal characteristics of Southeast Asian culture. Its historical development includes successive phases of cultural contact with Indian and Chinese civilizations, followed by integration into Vietnamese culture. The ancient Champa culture and the contemporary Cham ethnic culture in Vietnam are vital elements contributing to the characterization of Vietnam as "a miniature Southeast Asia". Through an analysis of various aspects such as geography, ethnicity, language, script, agricultural rituals, architectural art, and folk literature and arts, this article identifies many parallels between Cham culture and that of other Southeast Asian nations. The cultures of the mountains and the sea are also examined, highlighting the diversity of Cham livelihoods and their cultural exchanges with neighboring ethnic groups and the wider world.
Cham cultural history is closely associated with the adoption and localization of major world religions such as Buddhism, Brahmanism, and Islam. Although deeply influenced by Indian culture, Cham culture retains its unique identity. Traditional Cham culture is a vibrant mosaic, reflecting processes of intercultural interaction, acculturation, and the continuous creativity of a people that have significantly enriched the cultural diversity of Vietnam within the ancient Southeast Asian context.